22 Zvakakosha Zvinyorwa kubva kuMurume Wekare uye Gungwa naErnest Hemingway

Nezve Ernest Hemingway

Ernest Miller Hemingway (Chikunguru 21, 1899 - Chikunguru 2, 1961) aive munyori wenhau wekuAmerica, munyori wenhau pfupi, mutori wenhau uye mutambi. Maitiro ake ezvehupfumi neepasi-aakatumidza kuti dzidziso yechando-Aive nesimba rakasimba mungano yezana ramakore rechi20, nepo hupenyu hwake hwekusvotwa nemufananidzo wake kuruzhinji zvakamuunzira kuyemurwa kubva kuzvizvarwa zvakazotevera. (Ernest Hemingway)

Hemingway yakaburitsa yakawanda yebasa rake pakati pema1920s uye nepakati pema1950, uye akapihwa iyo 1954 Mubayiro weNobel muMabhuku. Akaburitsa nano nomwe, matanhatu matanhatu enhau pfupi, uye maviri asinganetsi mabasa. Zvitatu zvemanoveli ake, mana epfupi-nyaya maunganidzwa, uye matatu asiri emishumo mabasa akaburitswa mushure mekufa. Mazhinji emabasa ake anoonekwa seakashambadzirwa e Zvinyorwa zveAmerica.

Hemingway akarererwa mukati Oak Park, Illinois. Mushure mekusekondari, aive mutori wenhau kwemwedzi mishoma ye Iyo Kansas Guta Nyeredzi usati waenda ku Italian Mberi kunyorera semutyairi weambulensi mukati Hondo Yenyika I. Muna 1918, akakuvara zvakaipisisa ndokudzokera kumba. Zviitiko zvake zvenguva yehondo zvakaumba hwaro hwenhoroondo yake Farewell kumaArms (1929). (Ernest Hemingway)

Muna 1921, akaroora Hadley Richardson, wekutanga pavakadzi vana. Vakatamira kuParis kwaakashanda semunyori wekune dzimwe nyika uye vakawira pasi pesimba re chazvino uno vanyori uye maartist ema1920 'Chizvarwa Chakarasika”Nzanga yekune dzimwe nyika. Hemingway's kutanga novel Zuva Rinowedzerawo rakaburitswa muna 1926. Akarambana naRichardson muna 1927, ndokuroora Pauline Pfeiffer.

Vakarambana mushure mekunge adzoka kubva ku Spanish Hondo Yenyika (1936-1939), iyo yaakafukidza semutori wenhau uye yaive hwaro hwenhoroondo yake Kwaani Bell Bhurosi (1940). Martha Gellhorn akava mukadzi wake wechitatu muna 1940. Iye naGellhorn vakaparadzana mushure mekunge vasangana Mary Welsh muLondon panguva Hondo Yenyika II. Hemingway aive aripo nemaAllied mauto semutori wenhau ku Normandy kumhara uye kusunungurwa kweParis.

Akachengetedza dzimba dzekugara zvachose mu Key West, Florida (muma1930) uye mu Kiyuba (muma1940 nema1950). Akapotsa afa muna 1954 mushure mekudonha kwendege pamazuva akateedzana, nekukuvara kuchimusiya achirwadziwa uye achirwara kweupenyu hwese hwasara. Muna 1959, akatenga imba muKetchum, Idaho, uko, pakati pa1961, akazviuraya. (Ernest Hemingway)

Hupenyu hwepakutanga

Ernest Miller Hemingway akaberekwa muna Chikunguru 21, 1899, mu Oak Park, Illinois, nzvimbo yakapfuma kumadokero kweChicago, kuna Clarence Edmonds Hemingway, chiremba, uye Nyasha Hall Hemingway, muimbi. Vabereki vake vaive vakadzidziswa uye vairemekedzwa mu Oak Park, nharaunda inochengetedza pamusoro peanogara Frank Lloyd Wright akati, "Machechi akawanda kwazvo kuti vanhu vazhinji vakanaka vaende." Apo Clarence naGrace Hemingway vakaroora muna 1896, ivo aigara nababa vaGrace, Ernest Miller Hall, wavakatumidza zita remwanakomana wavo wekutanga, wechipiri pavana vavo vatanhatu. 

Hanzvadzi yake Marcelline akamutangira muna 1898, akateverwa naUrsula muna 1902, Madelaine muna 1904, Carol muna 1911, uye Leicester muna 1915. Nyasha akatevera musangano weVictorian wekusasiyanisa zvipfeko zvevana nehunhu. Negore chete rekuparadzanisa vaviri ava, Ernest naMarcelline vakafanana zvakanyanya. Nyasha aida kuti vaoneke semapatya, saka mumakore matatu ekutanga aErnest akachengeta vhudzi rake refu uye akapfekedza vana vese vari vaviri zvipfeko zvakafanana zvevakadzi.

Amai vaHemingway, muimbi anozivikanwa mumusha, vakadzidzisa mwanakomana wavo kuridza cello kunyangwe airamba kudzidza; kunyangwe gare gare muhupenyu akabvuma izvo zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi zvakabatsira mukunyora kwake, zvichiratidzwa semuenzaniso mu "contrapuntal chimiro ”che Kwaani Bell Bhurosi.

Semunhu mukuru Hemingway aiti anovenga amai vake, kunyangwe munyori wenhoroondo Michael S. Reynolds achinongedzera kuti akagovana simba rakafanana neshungu. Zhizha rega rega mhuri yaienda ku Windemere on Walloon Lake, pedyo Petosky, Michigan. Ikoko Ernest wechidiki akabatana nababa vake uye akadzidza kuvhima, hove, nekudzika musango musango nemadhamu e Kuchamhembe kweMichigan, zviitiko zvekutanga zvakasimudzira hupenyu-hurefu hwekunze kwekunze uye kugara munzvimbo dziri kure kana dziri dzega.

Hemingway vakapinda Oak Park uye Rwizi Sango High Chikoro mu Oak Park kubvira 1913 kusvika 1917. Aive mutambi akanaka, aibatanidzwa nemitambo yakati wandei - tsiva, mujaho nenhandare, nhabvu yemvura, uye nhabvu; akaimbwa muorchestra yechikoro kwemakore maviri nasisi vake Marcelline; uye akagamuchira mamakisi akanaka muzvidzidzo zveChirungu. 

Mumakore ake maviri ekupedzisira kuchikoro chesekondari akagadzirisa iyo Trapeze uye Tafura (pepanhau rechikoro nebhuku regore), kwaakateedzera mutauro wevanyori vemitambo uye akashandisa iyo chinyoreso zita Mhete Lardner Jr.-kugutsurira Mhete Lardner ye Chicago Tribune ane mutsetse yaive "Line O'Type". 

se Mark Twain, Stephen Crane, Theodore dreiser, uye Sinclair Lewis, Hemingway aive mutori venhau asati ava munyori wenhau. Mushure mekusiya chikoro chesekondari akaenda kunoshandira Iyo Kansas Guta Nyeredzi semutori wenhau. Kunyangwe akagara ikoko kwemwedzi mitanhatu chete, aivimba naJehovha nyeredzi's mutungamiriri gwara sehwaro hwekunyora kwake: “Shandisa mitsara mipfupi. Shandisa pfupi pfupi ndima dzekutanga. Shandisa chirungu chine simba. Iva netariro, kwete zvakaipa. ”(Ernest Hemingway)

Kiyuba

Mukutanga kwa1939, Hemingway akayambukira kuCuba muchikepe chake kunogara mu Hotera Ambos Mundos muHavana. Ichi chaive chikamu chekuparadzaniswa kwekutsemuka uye kunorwadza kupatsanurwa kubva kuna Pauline, iyo yakatanga apo Hemingway paakasangana naMartha Gellhorn. Martha akabva abatana naye kuCuba, ndokuroja “Finca Vigía"(" Lookout Farm "), 15-acre (61,000 m²) chivakwa 15 mamaira (24 km) kubva Havana.

Pauline nevana vakasiya Hemingway chirimo ichocho, mushure mekunge mhuri yabatanidzwazve panguva yekushanya kuWyoming; paakarambana naPauline, iye naMartha vakaroora munaNovember 20, 1940, mu Cheyenne, Wyoming.

Hemingway akatamisa imba yake yekutanga yezhizha kuenda Ketchum, Idaho, iri kunze kwenzvimbo ichangobva kuvakwa ye Sun Valley, uye akatamisa imba yake yekugara yechando kuCuba. Akange asemeswa apo shamwari yeParis yaibvumidza katsi dzake kudya kubva patafura, asi akazove anofarira katsi muCuba uye akachengeta akawanda acho pachivako. Dzinza rekati dzake dzinogara kwaari Key West kumba.

Gellhorn akamukurudzira kunyora bhuku rake rine mukurumbira, Kwaani Bell Bhurosi. Kwaani Bell Bhurosi kuCuba, Wyoming, uye Sun Valley. Yakave yakasarudzika Bhuku-ye-iyo-Mwedzi Kirabhu sarudzo, yakatengesa hafu yemiriyoni emakopi mukati memwedzi, yakasarudzwa kuPulitzer Prize uye, mumashoko aMeyers, "mukukunda akagadzirisa zvakare mbiri yekunyora yeHemingway".

Muna Ndira 1941, Martha akaendeswa kuChina kunopihwa Collier's magazini. Hemingway akaenda naye, achitumira kutumira kune pepanhau PM, asi kazhinji aisada China. Bhuku ra2009 rinoratidzira panguva iyoyo anogona kunge akatorwa kunoshandira vamiriri veSoviet vehungwaru pasi pezita "Agent Argo". Vakadzokera kuCuba pamberi pe kuziviswa kwehondo neUnited States muna Zvita uyo, paakagonesa hurumende yeCuba kuti imubatsire kuramba iyo Pilar, iyo yaaida kushandisa kuvandira ngarava dzepasi peGerman kubva kumahombekombe eCuba. (Ernest Hemingway)

Paris

Carlos Baker, Munyori wekutanga wehupenyu hwaHemingway, anotenda kuti nepo Anderson akataura nezveParis nekuti "mwero wekutsinhana kwemari" wakaiita nzvimbo isingadhuri kugara, zvakanyanya kukosha ndipo paigara "vanhu vanonyanya kufadza pasi". MuParis, Hemingway yakasangana nemunyori weAmerica uye muunganidzi wemifananidzo Gertrude stein, Munyori wenhau weIrish James joyce, Mudetembi wekuAmerica Ezra Pound (uyo "anogona kubatsira munyori wechidiki kukwira pamusoro pebasa") nevamwe vanyori. (Ernest Hemingway)

Hemingway yemakore ekutanga eParis yaive "murefu, akanaka, ane tsandanyama, ane mafudzi akapamhamha, ane ziso rakasvibirira, ane rombo-dama, ane jeko rakapetana, ane inzwi rakapfava." Iye naHadley vaigara mukufamba-diki ku74 rue du Cardinal Lemoine mu ChiLatin Quarter, uye aishanda mukamuri rairendwa muchivako chiri pedyo. 

Stein, uyo aive bastion we kwazvino muParis, akazova chipangamazano waHemingway naamai vamwari kuna mwanakomana wake Jack; iye akamuzivisa iye kune vekunze maartist uye vanyori ve Quarter yeMontparnasse, waakataura nezvake sa “Chizvarwa Chakarasika"- izwi Hemingway rakakurumbira nekuburitswa kwa Zuva Rinowedzerawo. Kazhinji paStein salon, Hemingway yakasangana nevapendi vane mukurumbira senge Pablo Picasso, Joan Miro, uye John Grey. 

Akazopedzisira abva pasimba raStein, uye hukama hwavo hwakaderera kuita gakava rekunyora iro rakatora makumi emakore. Ezra Pound akasangana Hemingway netsaona pa Sylvia Gungwashopu yemabhuku Shakespeare uye Kambani muna 1922. Vaviri vakashanyira Italy muna 1923 uye vaigara mumugwagwa mumwe chete muna 1924. Vakaumba ushamwari hwakasimba, uye muHemingway, Pound yakaziva uye yakasimudzira tarenda duku. Pound yakaunza Hemingway kuna James Joyce, uyo Hemingway aigara achitanga "kunwa doro". (Ernest Hemingway)

Pakati pemwedzi yake yekutanga makumi maviri muParis, Hemingway akaendesa nyaya makumi masere nesere dze Toronto Star pepanhau. Akavhara iyo Hondo yeGreco-Turkish, kwaakaona iyo kusvirwa kweSmirna, ndokunyora zvidimbu zvekufamba se "Tuna Fishing muSpain" uye "Trout Fishing Yese MuEurope: Spain Ine Yakanyanya, Ipapo Germany". Akatsanangura zvakare kudzoka kwemauto eGreek nevanhuwo zvavo kubva East Thrace.

Hemingway akarwadziwa nekuziva kuti Hadley akange arasa sutukesi yakazadzwa nemanyoro ake ku Gare deLyon sezvaaienda ku Geneva kusangana naye muna Zvita 1922. MunaGunyana aitevera vaviri vakadzokera kuToronto, uko mwanakomana wavo John Hadley Nikanor akaberekwa musi waGumiguru 10, 1923. Panguva yekusavapo kwavo, bhuku rekutanga raHemingway, Nhau Nhatu uye Nhetembo Gumi, yakabudiswa.

Mbiri dzenyaya dzayaive nadzo ndidzo dzese dzakasara mushure mekurasikirwa nesutukesi, uye yechitatu yaive yakanyorwa kutanga kwegore rapfuura muItari. Mukati memwedzi vhoriyamu yechipiri, munguva yedu (isina misoro), yakaburitswa. Vhoriyamu diki yaisanganisira matanhatu thumbnails uye gumi nemaviri nyaya Hemingway akange anyora zhizha rapfuura panguva yake yekutanga kushanya kuSpain, kwaakawana kunakidzwa kweiyo kurwa nemombe. Akarasikirwa neParis, akafunga seToronto isinganetsi, uye aida kudzokera kuhupenyu hwemunyori, pane kurarama hupenyu hwemutori venhau.

Hemingway, Hadley nemwanakomana wavo (zita remadunhurirwa rekuti Bumby) vakadzokera kuParis muna Ndira 1924 ndokutamira mufurati nyowani muRue Notre-Dame des Champs. Hemingway yakabatsira Ford Madox Ford pepeta Ongororo yeTransatlantic, iyo yakaburitsa mabasa naPound, John DosPasos, Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven, naStein, pamwe nedzimwe nyaya dzekutanga dzaHemingway dzakadai se “Vadivelu Comedy Indian Camp". 

apo Munguva Yedu rakaburitswa muna 1925, bhachi reguruva rakaburitsa zvakataurwa naFord. "Indian Camp" yakagamuchira rumbidzo yakati wandei; Ford akazviona senyaya yakakosha yekutanga nemunyori wechidiki, uye vatsoropodzi muUnited States vakarumbidza Hemingway nekumutsiridzazve runyorwa rwemhando pfupi nemaitiro ake akasimba uye mashandisiro ezvirevo. Mwedzi mitanhatu zvisati zvaitika, Hemingway yakanga yasangana F. F. Fitzgerald, uye vaviri vacho vakaita hushamwari hwe "kuyemura uye kuvengana". Fitzgerald anga aburitsa Iyo Gatsby Guru gore rimwe chetero: Hemingway akaiverenga, akaifarira, uye akafunga kuti rake rinotevera basa raifanirwa kunge riri bhuku.

Nemukadzi wake Hadley, Hemingway akatanga kushanyira iyo Mutambo weSan Fermín in Pamplona, Spain, muna 1923, kwaakanyanya kufarira kurwisana nenzombe. Panguva ino paakatanga kunzi "Papa", kunyangwe neshamwari dzakura. Hadley aizoyeuka gare gare kuti Hemingway aive nemazita ake ekuremekedza emunhu wese uye kuti aiwanzoitira zvinhu kushamwari dzake; akataura kuti aifarira kutariswa kumusoro. Iye haana kurangarira chaizvo kuti zita remadunhurirwa rakavapo sei; zvisinei, yakaramba yakanamatira. 

VeHemingways vakadzokera kuPamplona muna 1924 uye kechitatu muna Chikumi 1925; gore iro vakauya pamwe navo neboka revatorwa neAmerica neBritain: Hemingway's Michigan mukomana mukomana shamwari Smith Smith, Donald Ogden Stewart, Mukadzi Duff Twysden (achangobva kurambana), mudiwa wake Pat Guthrie, uye Harold Loeb. Mazuva mashoma mushure mekunge fiesta yapera, pazuva rake rekuzvarwa (Chikunguru 21), akatanga kunyora runyorwa rwechaizove Zuva Rinowedzerawo, achipedza vhiki sere gare gare.

Mwedzi mishoma gare gare, muna Zvita 1925, veHemingways vakasara kuzopedza mwaka wechando vari Schruns, Austria, uko Hemingway yakatanga kudzokorora iro gwaro zvakanyanya. Pauline Pfeiffer akabatana navo munaNdira uye vachipesana nezano raHadley, akakurudzira Hemingway kusaina kondirakiti Scribner's. Akasiya Austria nekukurumidza kuenda kuNew York kunosangana nevaparidzi, uye paakadzoka, panguva yekumira muParis, akatanga kudanana naPfeiffer, asati adzokera kuSchruns kunopedzisa kudzokorora munaKurume. Chinyorwa chakasvika muNew York muna Kubvumbi; akagadzirisa humbowo hwekupedzisira muParis muna Nyamavhuvhu 1926, uye Scribner akaburitsa bhuku iri muna Gumiguru.

Mudhara neGungwa

The Old Man and the Sea ibhuku rakanyorwa naErnest Hemingway muna 1951 kuCuba. Iyi nhoroondo inozivikanwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda. Yakapihwa Pulitzer Prize yeFiction muna 1953, uye zvakare zvakatungamira mukupihwa kweNobel Prize muMabhuku kuHemingway muna 1954.

Sekureva kwevamwe, Ernest Hemingway akaita zvakawanda kushandura maitiro echirungu akanyanya kupfuura chero mumwe munyori muzana ramakumi maviri. Kubudikidza nebhuku rino, rinova rake rekupedzisira basa rekunyepedzera, akaratidzira yakawanda yetarenda rake pamwe nerunyaya runoshamisa.

Murume Akakwegura uye Gungwa inyaya yemumwe mutana, ane ruzivo wehove uye yake epic kurwa nemahombekombe makuru, akanyanya kubata ehupenyu hwake. Mushure memazuva makumi masere nemana pasina kubata, murume mukuru anga afunga kuenda nechikepe kure kupfuura chero mubati wehove kare, kunzvimbo kwaanoyedza kudada kwake…

Kana iwe usati waverenga inoverengeka, pamwe ino ndiyo nguva chaiyo yekuzviita, kusvika panguva iyoyo, nakidzwa nematauro akadzika aya 22. (Ernest Hemingway)

1. Ino ndiyo nguva yekufunga nezve chinhu chimwe chete. Izvo zvandakaberekerwa. (Ernest Hemingway)

2. Chero ani zvake anogona kuve mubati wehove muna Chivabvu. (Ernest Hemingway)

3. Kune vabati vehove vazhinji vakanaka uye vamwe vakuru. Asi pane iwe chete. (Ernest Hemingway)

4. Hauna kuuraya hove kuti urarame chete uye kuti utengese chikafu. Iwe wakamuuraya nekuda kwekuzvikudza uye nekuti iwe uri muredzi wehove. Iwe wakamuda iye achiri mupenyu uye iwe wakamuda iye mushure. Kana iwe uchimuda, hachisi chivi kumuuraya. Kana zvimwe here? (Ernest Hemingway)

5. Hove yangu hombe inofanira kunge iri kumwe kunhu. (Ernest Hemingway)

6. Hove, uchafanirwa kufa zvakadaro. Unofanira kundiurayawo here? (Ernest Hemingway)

7. Iyo gehena nerombo. Ini ndichaunza rombo rakanaka neni. (Ernest Hemingway)

8. Mazuva ese izuva idzva. Zvirinani kuita rombo rakanaka. Asi ini ndingatoda kuva chaiwo. Zvino kana rombo rasvika wagadzirira. (Ernest Hemingway)

Luck chinhu chinouya nenzira dzakasiyana uye ndiani angamuziva? (Ernest Hemingway)

10. Zvakanaka kuti hatifanirwe kuedza kuuraya zuva kana mwedzi kana nyeredzi. Izvo zvakakwana kuti tigare pamusoro pegungwa nekuuraya hama dzedu dzechokwadi. (Ernest Hemingway)

11. Dai vamwe vakanzwa ndichitaura zvinonzwika vaifunga kuti ndinopenga. Asi sezvo ini handisi kupenga, ini handina basa. (Ernest Hemingway)

12. Hakuna munhu anofanirwa kunge ari ega mukukwegura kwake. (Ernest Hemingway)

13. Ndinovenga chigwere. Iko kunyengera kwemuviri wako. (Ernest Hemingway)

14. Ino haisi nguva yekufunga zvausina. Funga nezve izvo iwe zvaunogona kuita nezviripo. (Ernest Hemingway)

15. Haana kutaura izvozvo nekuti aiziva kuti ukataura chinhu chakanaka chingasaitika. (Ernest Hemingway)

16. Ndinoedza kusakwereta. Kutanga iwe unokwereta. Ipapo iwe unokumbira. (Ernest Hemingway)

17. Murume haarasike mugungwa uye chitsuwa chakareba. (Ernest Hemingway)

18. Marwadzo haana basa kumurume. (Ernest Hemingway)

19. "Zera ndiyo alarm yangu," mudhara akadaro. “Sei vakuru vachikurumidza kumuka kudai? Kuti uve nezuva rimwe chete here? ” "Handizivi," mukomana akadaro. "Chandinoziva ndechekuti vakomana vadiki vanononoka kurara uye zvakaoma." (Ernest Hemingway)

Ngaafunge kuti ndiri munhu mukuru kupfuura zvandiri uye ndichave zvakadaro. (Ernest Hemingway)

21. Chengeta musoro wako wakachena uye uzive kutambura semurume. (Ernest Hemingway)

22.Munhu haana kugadzirirwa kukundwa. Murume anogona kuparadzwa asi asingakundwe. (Ernest Hemingway)

Unogona kutarisa zvigadzirwa zvedu nekutema mune izvi batanidzo.